Clinical pharmacology5% dextrose in ringer s injection provides electrolytes and calories and is a source of water for hydration. it is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.ssodium, the major cation of the extracellular fluid, functions primarily in the control of water distribution, fluid balance, and osmotic pressure of body fluids. sodium is also associated with chloride and bicarbonate in the regulation of the acid-base equilibrium of body fluid. potassium, the principal cation of intracellular fluid, participates in carbohydrate utilization and protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart.schloride, the major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride concentration. calcium, an important cation, provides the framework of bones and teeth in the form o